Cards are essentially physical means of storing and transmitting the digital information required to authenticate, authorize, and process transactions. This information mostly consists of card numbers, the cardholder’s name, security codes, expiration date, and a few others. Unfortunately, criminals can replicate this information and use it to commit fraud.

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What is card cloning?

Card cloning is the process of replicating the digital information stored in debit or credit cards to create copies or clone cards. Also known as card skimming, this is usually performed with the intention of committing fraud. Once replicated, this information can be programmed into new or repurposed cards and used to make illicit purchases.

How does card cloning work?

The process and tools that fraudsters use to create counterfeit clone cards depends on the type of technology they are built with.

Cards can store and transmit information in three ways:

• Magnetic Stripe

If you look in the back of any card, you’ll find a gray magnetic strip that runs parallel to its longest edge and is about ½ inch wide. This stripe uses technology similar to music tapes to store information in the card and is transmitted to a reader when the card is “swiped” at the point of sale.

Magstripe-only cards are being phased out due to the relative ease with which they are cloned. Given that they do not offer any encoding protection and contain static data, they can be duplicated using a simple card skimmer that can be purchased online for a few dollars.

• EMV Chip Cards

If you look in the front side of most newer cards, you will also notice a small rectangular metallic insert close to one of the card’s shorter edges. This is an EMV (which stands for EuroPay, Mastercard, and Visa) microchip, which uses more advanced technology to store and transmit information every time the card is “dipped” into a POS terminal.

EMV cards offer far superior cloning protection versus magstripe ones because chips protect each transaction with a dynamic security code that is useless if replicated.

Sadly but unsurprisingly, criminals have developed technology to bypass these security measures: card skimming. Even if it is far less common than card skimming, it should by no means be ignored by consumers, merchants, issuers, or networks.

• Contactless Cards

The newest cards in the market today are equipped with a third way of storing and transmitting information through radio-frequency identification technology (RFID). This allows them to communicate with card readers by simple proximity, without the need for dipping or swiping. Some refer to them as “smart cards” or “tap to pay” transactions.

Contactless payments offer increased protection against card cloning, but using them does not mean that all fraud-related problems are solved.

All cards that include RFID technology also include a magnetic band and an EMV chip, so cloning risks are only partially mitigated. Further, criminals are always innovating and come up with new social and technological schemes to take advantage of customers and businesses alike.

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